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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(23)2023 Nov 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38069193

RESUMO

Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, is an antidiabetic medication that reduces blood glucose. Although it is well known that dapagliflozin has additional benefits beyond glycemic control, such as reducing blood pressure and lowering the risk of cardiovascular events, no sufficient research data are available on the direct effect of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular function. Thus, in this study, we investigated the direct vascular effect of dapagliflozin on isolated rat coronary arteries. The left descending coronary arteries of 13-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were cut into segments 2-3 mm long and mounted in a multi-wire myography system to measure isometric tension. Dapagliflozin effectively reduced blood vessel constriction induced by U-46619 (500 nM) in coronary arteries regardless of the endothelium. Treatment with an eNOS inhibitor (L-NNA, 100 µM), sGC inhibitor (ODQ, 5 µM), or COX inhibitor (indomethacin, 3 µM) did not affect the vasodilation induced by dapagliflozin. The application of a Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCa) blocker (TEA, 2 mM), voltage-dependent K+ channel (KV) blocker (4-AP, 2 mM), ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker (KATP) glibenclamide (3 µM), and inward-rectifier K+ channel (KIR) blocker (BaCl2, 30 µM) did not affect the dapagliflozin-induced vasodilation either. The treatment with dapagliflozin decreased contractile responses induced by the addition of Ca2+, which suggested that the extracellular Ca2+ influx was inhibited by dapagliflozin. Treatment with dapagliflozin decreased the phosphorylation level of the 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC20) in vascular smooth muscle cells. In the present study, we found that dapagliflozin has a significant vasodilatory effect on rat coronary arteries. Our findings suggest a novel pharmacologic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients through the modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis via dapagliflozin administration.


Assuntos
Vasos Coronários , Vasodilatação , Humanos , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Trifosfato de Adenosina/farmacologia , Endotélio Vascular , Vasodilatadores/farmacologia
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(18)2023 Sep 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37762296

RESUMO

Ezetimibe is a lipid-lowering agent that selectively inhibits cholesterol absorption by binding to the Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) protein. Although it is well known that administration of ezetimibe in hypercholesterolemia patients reduces the risk of cardiovascular events through attenuation of atherosclerosis, studies on the direct effect of ezetimibe on vascular function are not sufficient. The aim of the present study was to investigate the vascular effects of ezetimibe in rat mesenteric arteries. In the present study, 12-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were used. After the rats were sacrificed, the second branches of the mesenteric arteries were isolated and cut into 2-3 mm segments and mounted in a multi-wire myography system to measure isometric tension. Ezetimibe reduced vasoconstriction induced by U46619 (500 nM) in endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded arteries. Ezetimibe-induced vasodilation was not affected by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor Nω-Nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 300 µM) or the non-selective potassium channel blocker, tetraethylammonium (TEA, 10 mM). Moreover, ezetimibe also completely blocked the contraction induced by an increase in external calcium concentration. Ezetimibe significantly reduced vascular contraction induced by L-type Ca2+ channel activator (Bay K 8644, 30 nM). Treatment with ezetimibe decreased the phosphorylation level of 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC20) in vascular smooth muscle cells. In the present study, we found that ezetimibe has a significant vasodilatory effect in rat mesenteric resistance arteries. These results suggest that ezetimibe may have beneficial cardiovascular effects beyond its cholesterol-lowering properties.


Assuntos
Artérias Mesentéricas , Vasodilatação , Humanos , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Ezetimiba/farmacologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fosforilação , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras
3.
Molecules ; 27(16)2022 Aug 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36014534

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Trachelospermi caulis (T. caulis) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in Asian countries. Although it is well known that T. caulis has beneficial effects, no sufficient research data are available on the cardiovascular effect of T. caulis. We investigated whether T. caulis extract has vascular effects in rat resistance arteries in this study. METHODS: To examine whether T. caulis extract affects vascular reactivity, we measured isometric tension of rat mesenteric resistance arteries using a multi-wire myograph system. T. caulis extract was administered after arteries were pre-contracted with high K+ (70 mM) or phenylephrine (5 µM). Vanillin, a single active component of T. caulis, was used to treat mesenteric arteries. RESULTS: T. caulis extract caused vascular relaxation in a concentration-dependent manner, which was endothelium-independent. To further identify the mechanism, we incubated the arteries in Ca2+-free solution containing high K+, followed by a cumulative administration of CaCl2 (0.01-2.0 mM) with or without T. caulis extract (250 µg/mL). The treatment of T. caulis extract decreased contractile responses induced by the addition of Ca2+, which suggested that the extracellular Ca2+ influx was inhibited by the T. caulis extract. Moreover, an active compound of T. caulis extract, vanillin, also induced vasodilation in mesenteric resistance arteries. CONCLUSION: T. caulis extract and its active compound, vanillin, concentration-dependently induced vascular relaxation in mesenteric resistance arteries. These results suggest that the administration of T. caulis extract could help decrease blood pressure.


Assuntos
Vasodilatação , Vasodilatadores , Animais , Endotélio Vascular , Artérias Mesentéricas , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos , Vasodilatadores/farmacologia
4.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 154: 113588, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35994821

RESUMO

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that disassembles cytoplasmic components through autophagosomes fused with lysosomes. Recently, it has been reported that autophagy is associated with cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial ischemia. However, the involvement of autophagy in hypertension is not well understood. In the present study, we hypothesized that excessive autophagy contributes to the dysfunction of mesenteric arteries in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive mice. Treatment of an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), reduced the elevated blood pressure and wall thickness, and improved endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric arteries of Ang II-treated mice. The expression levels of autophagy markers, beclin1 and LC3 II, were significantly increased by Ang II infusion, which was reduced by treatment of 3-MA. Furthermore, treatment of 3-MA induced vasodilation in the mesenteric resistance arteries pre-contracted with U46619 or phenylephrine, which was dependent on endothelium. Interestingly, nitric oxide production and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS) at S1177 in the mesenteric arteries of Ang II-treated mice were increased by treatment with 3-MA. In HUVECs, p-eNOS was reduced by Ang II, which was increased by treatment of 3-MA. 3-MA had direct vasodilatory effect on the pre-contracted mesenteric arteries. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), Ang II induced increase in beclin1 and LC3 II and decrease in p62, which was reversed by treatment of 3-MA. These results suggest that autophagy inhibition exerts beneficial effects on the dysfunction of mesenteric arteries in hypertension.


Assuntos
Angiotensina II , Hipertensão , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Angiotensina II/metabolismo , Angiotensina II/farmacologia , Animais , Autofagia , Proteína Beclina-1/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea , Endotélio Vascular , Hipertensão/induzido quimicamente , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Artérias Mesentéricas , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Vasodilatação
5.
Molecules ; 27(9)2022 Apr 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35566064

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Alpinia officinarum (A. officinarum) is known to exhibit a beneficial effect for anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. However, no sufficient research data are available on the cardiovascular effect of A. officinarum. Thus, in this study, we investigate whether A. officinarum extract has direct effects on vascular reactivity. METHODS: To examine whether A. officinarum extract affects vascular functionality, we measured isometric tension in rat mesenteric resistance arteries using a wire myograph. After arteries were pre-contracted with high-K+ (70 mM), phenylephrine (5 µM), or U46619 (1 µM), A. officinarum extract was treated. RESULTS: A. officinarum extract induced vasodilation in a concentration-dependent manner, and this effect was endothelium independent. To further investigate the mechanism, we incubated arteries in a Ca2+-free and high-K+ solution, followed by the cumulative addition of CaCl2 (0.01-2.5 mM) with or without A. officinarum extract (30 µg/mL). Pre-treatment of A. officinarum extract reduced the contractile responses induced by cumulative administration of Ca2+, which suggests that extracellular Ca2+ influx was inhibited by the treatment of A. officinarum extract. These results were associated with a reduction in phosphorylated MLC20 in VSMCs treated with A. officinarum extract. Furthermore, eucalyptol, an active compound of A. officinarum extract, had a similar effect as A. officinarum extract, which causes vasodilation in mesenteric resistance arteries. CONCLUSION: A. officinarum extract and its active compound eucalyptol induce concentration-dependent vasodilation in mesenteric resistance arteries. These results suggest that administration of A. officinarum extract could exert beneficial effects to treat high blood pressure.


Assuntos
Alpinia , Vasodilatação , Animais , Endotélio Vascular , Eucaliptol/farmacologia , Artérias Mesentéricas , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos
6.
Molecules ; 28(1)2022 Dec 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36615485

RESUMO

Vanillin is a phenolic aldehyde, which is found in plant species of the Vanilla genus. Although recent studies have suggested that vanillin has various beneficial properties, the effect of vanillin on blood vessels has not been studied well. In the present study, we investigated whether vanillin has vascular effects in rat mesenteric resistance arteries. To examine the vascular effect of vanillin, we measured the isometric tension of arteries using a multi-wire myograph system. After the arteries were pre-contracted with high K+ (70 mM) or phenylephrine (5 µM), vanillin was administered. Vanillin induced concentration-dependent vasodilation. Endothelial denudation or treatment of eNOS inhibitor (L-NNA, 300 µM) did not affect the vasodilation induced by vanillin. Treatment of K+ channel inhibitor (TEA, 10 mM) or sGC inhibitor (ODQ, 10 µM) or COX-2 inhibitor (indomethacin, 10 µM) did not affect the vanillin-induced vasodilation either. The treatment of vanillin decreased the contractile responses induced by Ca2+ addition. Furthermore, vanillin significantly reduced vascular contraction induced by BAY K 8644 (30 nM). Vanillin induced concentration-dependent vascular relaxation in rat mesenteric resistance arteries, which was endothelium-independent. Inhibition of extracellular Ca2+ influx was involved in vanillin-induced vasodilation. Treatment of vanillin reduced phopsho-MLC20 in vascular smooth muscle cells. These results suggest the possibility of vanillin as a potent vasodilatory molecule.


Assuntos
Artérias Mesentéricas , Vasodilatação , Ratos , Animais , Benzaldeídos/farmacologia , Contração Muscular , Endotélio Vascular
7.
Molecules ; 25(14)2020 Jul 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32664327

RESUMO

Phellinus linteus is a well-known medicinal mushroom that is widely used in Asian countries. In several experimental models, Phellinus linteus extracts were reported to have various biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, and anti-angiogenic activity. In the present study, several bioactive compounds, including palmitic acid ethyl ester and linoleic acid, were identified in Phellinus linteus. The intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (IKCa) plays an important role in the regulation of the vascular smooth muscle cells' (VSMCs) contraction and relaxation. The activation of the IKCa channel causes the hyperpolarization and relaxation of VSMCs. To examine whether Phellinus linteus extract causes vasodilation in the mesenteric arteries of rats, we measured the isometric tension using a wire myograph. After the arteries were pre-contracted with U46619 (a thromboxane analogue, 1 µM), Phellinus linteus extract was administered. The Phellinus linteus extract induced vasodilation in a dose-dependent manner, which was independent of the endothelium. To further investigate the mechanism, we used the non-selective K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA). TEA significantly abolished Phellinus linteus extract-induced vasodilation. Thus, we tested three different types of K+ channel blockers: iberiotoxin (BKca channel blocker), apamin (SKca channel blocker), and charybdotoxin (IKca channel blocker). Charybdotoxin significantly inhibited Phellinus linteus extract-induced relaxation, while there was no effect from apamin and iberiotoxin. Membrane potential was measured using the voltage-sensitive dye bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid)-trimethine oxonol (DiBAC4(3)) in the primary isolated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We found that the Phellinus linteus extract induced hyperpolarization of VSMCs, which is associated with a reduced phosphorylation level of 20 KDa myosin light chain (MLC20).


Assuntos
Basidiomycota/química , Artérias Mesentéricas/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido 15-Hidroxi-11 alfa,9 alfa-(epoximetano)prosta-5,13-dienoico/farmacologia , Animais , Apamina/farmacologia , Charibdotoxina/farmacologia , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Masculino , Potenciais da Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Artérias Mesentéricas/metabolismo , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Cadeias Leves de Miosina/metabolismo , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Phellinus , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Potássio/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Tetraetilamônio/farmacologia , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos
8.
PLoS One ; 15(3): e0230227, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32182257

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: An orally active synthetic adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRon has been suggested to ameliorate insulin resistance, and glucose tolerance. However, the chronic effect of AdipoRon in the vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes has not been studied yet. Thus, in this study, we examined whether AdipoRon improves vascular function in type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Type 2 diabetic (db-/db-) mice were treated with AdipoRon (10 mg/kg/everyday, by oral gavage) for 2 weeks. Body weight and blood glucose levels were recorded every other day during the experimental period. Diameter of mesenteric arteries was measured. And western blot analysis was performed with mesenteric arteries. RESULTS: Pressure-induced myogenic response was significantly increased while endothelium-dependent relaxation was reduced in the mesenteric arteries of db-/db- mice. Treatment of AdipoRon normalized potentiated myogenic response, whereas endothelium-dependent relaxation was not affected by treatment of AdipoRon. The expression levels of AdiR1, AdiR2, APPL1, and APPL 2 were increased in the mesenteric arteries of db-/db- mice and treatment of AdipoRon did not affect them. Interestingly, AdipoRon treatment increased the phospho-AMPK and decreased MYPT1 phosphorylation in db-/db- mice while there was no change in the level of eNOS phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: The treatment of AdipoRon improves vascular function in the mesenteric arteries of db-/db- mice through endothelium-independent mechanism. We suggest that MLCP activation through reduced phosphorylation of MYPT1 might be the dominant mechanism in the AdipoRon-induced vascular effect.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Artérias Mesentéricas/efeitos dos fármacos , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Receptores de Adiponectina/agonistas , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Masculino , Artérias Mesentéricas/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/metabolismo , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos
9.
Exp Physiol ; 105(1): 192-200, 2020 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31736185

RESUMO

NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? What is the role of autophagy in vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes? What is the main finding and its importance? Autophagy is decreased in the mesenteric arteries of type 2 diabetic mice, and stimulation of autophagy using rapamycin and trehalose improves vascular function, which is associated with normalization of myogenic response and endothelium-dependent relaxation. ABSTRACT: Vascular dysfunction is a major complication in type 2 diabetes (T2D). It has been suggested that dysregulation of autophagy is associated with various cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between autophagy and vascular dysfunction in T2D remains unclear. Thus, we examined whether reduced autophagy is involved in vascular dysfunction and whether stimulation of autophagy could improve vascular function in diabetes. Ten- to twelve-week-old male type 2 diabetic (db- /db- ) mice and their control (db- /db+ ) mice were treated with rapamycin or trehalose. Mesenteric arteries (MAs) were mounted for arteriography and their diameter was measured. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were assessed. Myogenic response (MR) was significantly increased, whereas endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) was significantly attenuated in the MAs of diabetic mice. These results were associated with increased expression of LC3II, p62 and beclin-1 in diabetic mice. Treatment with autophagy stimulators significantly reduced the potentiation of MR and improved EDR in the diabetic mice. Furthermore, autophagy stimulation normalized expression of LC3II, p62 and beclin-1 in the diabetic mice. In addition, phosphorylation level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase was decreased in diabetic mice and was restored by rapamycin and trehalose. T2D impairs vascular function by dysregulated autophagy. Therefore, autophagy could be a potential target for overcoming diabetic microvascular complications.


Assuntos
Autofagia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Artérias Mesentéricas/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatologia , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Artérias Mesentéricas/fisiopatologia , Camundongos , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Trealose/farmacologia
10.
Lab Invest ; 98(10): 1311-1319, 2018 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29785049

RESUMO

Inhibitor kappa B kinase 2 (IKK2) plays an essential role in the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). Recently, it has been suggested that IKK2 acts as a myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and contributes to vasoconstriction in mouse aorta. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether IKK2 acts as a MLCK or regulates the activity of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP). Pressure myograph was used to measure vascular tone in rat mesenteric arteries. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to identify phosphorylation levels of MLC (ser19), MYPT1 (thr853 and thr696) and CPI-17 (thr38). SC-514 (IKK2 inhibitor, 50 µM) induced relaxation in the mesenteric arteries pre-contracted with 70 mM high K+ solution or U-46619 (thromboxane analog, 5 µM). The relaxation induced by SC-514 was increased in the arteries pre-contracted with U-46619 compared to arteries pre-contracted with 70 mM high K+ solution. U-46619-induced contraction was decreased by treatment of SC-514 in the presence of MLCK inhibitor, ML-7 (10 µM). In the absence of intracellular Ca2+, U-46619 still induced contraction, which was decreased by treatment of SC-514. Furthermore, phosphorylation levels of MLC (ser19) and MYPT1 (thr853) were decreased by treatment of SC-514. IKK2 is involved in the vascular contraction through regulation of MLCP activity by phosphorylating MYPT1 at thr853 in rat mesenteric arteries. These findings suggest IKK2 could be a new pharmacological target for specific therapies of various vascular diseases.


Assuntos
Quinase I-kappa B/metabolismo , Artérias Mesentéricas/fisiologia , Animais , Masculino , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , Quinase de Cadeia Leve de Miosina/metabolismo , Fosfatase de Miosina-de-Cadeia-Leve/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Proteína Fosfatase 1/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Tiofenos , Vasoconstrição
11.
Sci Rep ; 7: 45996, 2017 04 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28383056

RESUMO

Hypertension is characterized by increased peripheral vascular resistance which is related with elevated myogenic response. Recent findings have indicated that epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is involved in mechanotransduction of the myogenic response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of ENaC in the elevated myogenic response of posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Sixteen to eighteen weeks old male wistar kyoto rats (WKYs) and SHRs were used in this study. We found that wall to lumen (W/L) ratio was increased in the PCAs from SHRs compared with WKYs at the resting state. Interestingly, amiloride significantly inhibited myogenic response in the PCAs from SHRs and WKYs, however, the magnitude of the blockade was greater in SHRs. The transfection of γENaC-siRNA significantly reduced the expression of γENaC protein and inhibited myogenic response in the PCAs from SHRs. Furthermore, these data were supported by the findings that serum/glucocorticoid-induced kinase (Sgk1) and neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4-2 (Nedd4-2) were increased in SHRs compared with WKYs. Our results suggest that γENaC may play an important role in the elevated myogenic response in PCAs from SHRs.


Assuntos
Canais Epiteliais de Sódio/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Muscular , Artéria Cerebral Posterior/metabolismo , Amilorida/farmacologia , Animais , Proteínas Imediatamente Precoces/metabolismo , Masculino , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases Nedd4/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Análise de Componente Principal , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Subunidades Proteicas/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Endogâmicos WKY
12.
Sci Rep ; 6: 31925, 2016 08 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27550383

RESUMO

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications. However, the role and mechanisms of ER stress in hypertension remain unclear. Thus, we hypothesized that enhanced ER stress contributes to the maintenance of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Sixteen-week old male SHRs and Wistar Kyoto Rats (WKYs) were used in this study. The SHRs were treated with ER stress inhibitor (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA, 100 mg/kg/day) for two weeks. There was a decrease in systolic blood pressure in SHR treated with TUDCA. The pressure-induced myogenic tone was significantly increased, whereas endothelium-dependent relaxation was significantly attenuated in SHR compared with WHY. Interestingly, treatment of ER stress inhibitor normalized myogenic responses and endothelium-dependent relaxation in SHR. These data were associated with an increase in expression or phosphorylation of ER stress markers (Bip, ATF6, CHOP, IRE1, XBP1, PERK, and eIF2α) in SHRs, which were reduced by TUDCA treatment. Furthermore, phosphorylation of MLC20 was increased in SHRs, which was reduced by the treatment of TUDCA. Therefore, our results suggest that ER stress could be a potential target for hypertension.


Assuntos
Vasos Coronários/fisiopatologia , Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Tauroquenodesoxicólico/administração & dosagem , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Vasos Coronários/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasos Coronários/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Esquema de Medicação , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Endogâmicos WKY , Ácido Tauroquenodesoxicólico/farmacologia
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